Processing Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex with ginger juice: process optimization based on AHP-CRITIC weighting method and composition changes after processing / 中国中药杂志

The weight coefficients of appearance traits, extract yield of standard decoction, and total content of honokiol and magnolol were determined by analytic hierarchy process(AHP), criteria importance though intercrieria correlation(CRITIC), and AHP-CRITIC weighting method, and the comprehensive scores were calculated. The effects of ginger juice dosage, moistening time, proces-sing temperature, and processing time on the quality of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex(MOC) were investigated, and Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the process parameters. To reveal the processing mechanism, MOC, ginger juice-processed Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex(GMOC), and water-processed Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex(WMOC) were compared. The results showed that the weight coefficients of the appearance traits, extract yield of standard decoction, and total content of honokiol and magnolol determined by AHP-CRITIC weighting method were 0.134, 0.287, and 0.579, respectively. The optimal processing parameters of GMOC were ginger juice dosage of 8%, moistening time of 120 min, and processing at 100 ℃ for 7 min. The content of syringoside and magnolflorine in MOC decreased after processing, and the content of honokiol and magnolol followed the trend of GMOC>MOC>WMOC, which suggested that the change in clinical efficacy of MOC after processing was associated with the changes of chemical composition. The optimized processing technology is stable and feasible and provides references for the modern production and processing of MOC.

Study on quality grade standard of premature Forsythia suspensa / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To study the quality grade stand ard of the premature Forsythia suspensa . METHODS A total of 138 batches of premature F. suspensa were collected from the main producing areas of F. suspensa in China. According to 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia ，the contents of impurities ，moisture，ethanol-soluble extract ，volatile oil ，forsythin and forsythoside A in the premature F. suspense were determined ，and the qualified samples were screened. AHP-PCA mixed weighting method was used to give comprehensive weight to the indicators （except for the limit of impurity ）. The comprehensive score of the samples was calculated. The suggestions on the quality grade division of premature F. suspensa were put forward according to cluster analysis of K-mean value. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS The contents of impurities ，moisture，ethanol-soluble extract ，volatile oil ，forsythin and forsythoside A in the premature F. suspense were 0-7.80％，1.60％-8.18％，13.13％-61.60％，0.21％-3.47％，0.02％-2.15％ and 0.79％-14.04％，respectively；average contents of them were 1.24％，4.97％，34.88％，2.01％，0.42％，6.86％，respectively. Totally 47 batches of 138 batches were qualified in all indexes. It is suggested that the quality grade of the premature F. suspense can be divided into three grades ：in first grade of F. suspense ，the contents of volatile oil ，forsythin，forsythoside A ， ethanol-soluble extract and moisture were ≥2.40％，≥0.59％，≥8.34％，≥38.66％ and ≤4.99％，respectively；in second grade of F. suspense ，the contents of above indicators were ≥2.26％，≥0.41％，≥7.47％，≥32.58％ and ≤5.33％，respectively；in third grade of F. suspense ，the contents of above indicators were ≥2.15％，≥0.32％，≥4.60％，≥31.52％ and≤7.23％，respectively.

Priority ranking of Chinese patent medicine prescriptions for type 2 diabetes mellitus (syndrome of deficiency of both Qi and Yin): based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) / 中国中药杂志

Clinical expertise, patient preference, and the best evidence are the three elements of evidence-based medicine. Based on high-level and high-quality evidence, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the prescribing decisions of physicians is beneficial to improving clinical efficacy. A mature methodological system is available for the retrieval, analysis, summary, evaluation, and recommendation of the evidence, but there are still few studies on physicians' prescribing decisions. How to analyze the trend of physicians' prescribing decisions based on the priority ranking in addition and subtraction of prescriptions? Analytic hierarchy process(AHP) is a method for decision making, which arranges the elements of the decision problem into overall goal, criteria, and operational sub-criteria, and uses the matrix eigenvector method to solve the problem. This study aims to analyze the priority of physicians' prescribing decisions for diabetes mellitus with deficiency of both Qi and Yin based on AHP. To be specific, a database of diabetes mellitus cases with deficiency of both Qi and Yin was established and AHP was used to yield the priority ranking of Chinese patent medicine prescriptions in specific clinical scenarios. In the selected cases of diabetes mellitus with deficiency of both Qi and Yin, Xiaoke Pills was the best prescription for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(deficiency of both Qi and Yin)(normalized=0.388), followed by Liuwei Dihuang Pills(normalized=0.269), Qishen Capsules(normalized=0.230), and Shengmai Injection(normalized=0.113). According to the analysis the available data, for type 2 diabetes mellitus(deficiency of both Qi and Yin), Xiaoke Pills was the most effective prescription in specific scenarios. When the physicians' prescribing decisions are consistent with the evidence, quantitative analysis of physicians' cognition will boost the evidence-based medical decision-making. However, the research results are also affected by the quality of literature, evidence level and priority, which are thus have some limitations. It is recommended that further small data research based on individual cases be carried out to lay a evidence-based basis for the clinical decision-making of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The path of improving chinese youth's physical health from the perspective of public sports service / O caminho para a melhora do nível de saúde física dos jovens chineses a partir da perspectiva do serviço público desportivo / Opciones para mejorar la salud física de nuestros adolescentes en el marco del servicio público de deportes

ABSTRACT Teenagers are the future of our country, and their physical health has a great impact on the economic and social development of our country. In view of this, this study applied questionnaire survey, analytic hierarchy and situation analysis to construct the evaluation index system and hierarchical structure model of youth physical health promotion path, and used empirical analysis to analyze and deal with the key factors in the index system. The results show that the coordinates are (0.648, 0.648, 0.648, 654) located in the first quadrant, which indicates that the external opportunities and internal advantages have a high degree of matching; the effect of youth physical health management under the government mechanism is poor, but youth physical health management under the market mechanism needs to be established. The internal advantages of youth physical health management are relatively large, and the public management service market has great potential, and the market-oriented health construction. It is hoped that this study can provide certain reference for the improvement of Chinese teenagers' physical health.

RESUMO Os adolescentes são o futuro do nosso país, e sua saúde física tem grande impacto no desenvolvimento econômico e social do nosso país. Em vista disso, este estudo aplicou o método de levantamento por questionário, processo de hierarquia analítica e método de análise situacional para construir o sistema de índice de avaliação e modelo de estrutura hierárquica do caminho da melhora da saúde física entre os jovens, e usou o método de análise empírica para analisar e tratar os fatores-chave do sistema de índice. Os resultados mostram que as coordenadas estão (0.648, 0.648, 0.648, 0.648, 654) localizadas no primeiro quadrante, o que indica que as oportunidades externas e as vantagens internas têm um alto grau de correspondência; o efeito da gestão da saúde física dos jovens no âmbito do mecanismo governamental é precária, mas a gestão da saúde física dos jovens no âmbito do mecanismo de mercado precisa de ser estabelecida. As vantagens internas da gestão da saúde física dos jovens são relativamente grandes, e o mercado de serviços de gestão pública tem um grande potencial, além da saúde orientada para o mercado. Espera-se que este estudo possa fornecer alguma referência para a melhoria da saúde física dos adolescentes chineses.

RESUMEN Los adolescentes son el futuro de nuestro país y su salud física tiene un gran impacto en el desarrollo económico y social de nuestro país. En vista de esto, este estudio aplicó encuestas de cuestionario, procesos de jerarquía analítica y análisis de situación para construir el sistema de índices de evaluación y el modelo de estructura jerárquica del camino de promoción de la salud física de los jóvenes, y utilizó análisis empíricos para tratar los factores clave en el sistema de índices. Los resultados muestran que las coordenadas están (0.648, 0.648, 0.648, 654) ubicadas en el primer cuadrante, lo que indica que las oportunidades externas y las ventajas internas tienen un alto grado de coincidencia. El efecto de la gestión de la salud física de los jóvenes bajo el mecanismo del gobierno es pobre, es necesario establecer la gestión de la salud física de los jóvenes bajo el mecanismo del mercado. Las ventajas internas de la gestión de la salud física de los jóvenes son relativamente grandes y el servicio de gestión pública del mercado tiene un gran potencial. Por eso es necesaria la construcción de la salud orientada al mercado. Se espera que este estudio pueda proporcionar una referencia para la mejora de la salud física de los adolescentes chinos.

Intelligent System for Dispatch Ranking of Generating Units in Thermoelectric Power-Plants

Abstract The multicriteria decision-making process is still an open problem, especially when the decision criteria are not numerical or fully outlined. Several numerical, intelligent, or hybrid techniques have been developed, creating contributions to this problem's solution. This paper is another step in this direction. Based on the Modified Analytic Hierarchy Process (MAHP), a methodology for diagnosis and performance analysis is presented for the dispatch ranking of generating units in a thermoelectric plant. The problem is complex because it covers a power plant, where 99 generating units may be dispatched, according to 10 possible evaluation criteria, which should be used together. This article also presents details of the implementation of the sensors necessary to add to the supervisory system existing in the Palmeiras de Goias Thermal Power Plant.

Prioritization of the policies and practices applied in Turkey to fight against covid-19 through AHP technique / Priorização das políticas e práticas aplicadas na Turquia para o combate ao covid-19 através da técnica AHP

Abstract Concerns about covid-19 become deeper globally. Due to these concerns, all countries, international health institutions, health authorities and health care professionals in the world take several measures through policies or practices to control and handle covid-19 pandemic. For example; different types of policies in the fight against covid-19 have been launched in Turkey. Therefore, in this study, we sought to determine how policies and practices against covid-19 were prioritized by health care professionals and other segments of society via AHP method. We observed that the order of importance of health care professionals and other segments of the society regarding the policies and practices used in combating the covid-19 outbreak was quite similar between the groups. The covid-19 test policy was revealed as the most important one of both groups. However, social welfare programs have more significance than economic measures for society, while health care professionals are more concerned with economic measures. With this study, we intend to provide evidence-based information to decision-makers in combating the pandemic.

Resumo As preocupações com a covid-19 se aprofundam globalmente. Devido a essas preocupações, todos os países, instituições internacionais de saúde, autoridades de saúde e profissionais de saúde em todo o mundo tomam várias medidas por meio de políticas ou práticas para controlar e lidar com a pandemia de covid-19. Por exemplo, diferentes tipos de políticas na luta contra a covid-19 foram lançados na Turquia. Portanto, neste estudo, o objetivo é determinar como as políticas e práticas contra a covid-19 foram priorizadas pelos profissionais de saúde e outros segmentos da sociedade por meio do método AHP. De acordo com os resultados, foi observado que a ordem de importância dos profissionais de saúde e demais segmentos da sociedade quanto às políticas e práticas utilizadas no combate ao surto de covid-19 foi bastante semelhante. A política de teste da covid-19 foi apresentada como a política mais importante de ambos os grupos, no entanto, os programas de bem-estar social têm mais importância do que as medidas econômicas para a sociedade, enquanto os profissionais de saúde se preocupam mais com as medidas econômicas. Com este estudo, pretendemos que as informações baseadas em evidências serão fornecidas para os tomadores de decisão no combate à pandemia.

Research on the scientific research performance evaluation of young scientists in hospitals based on Analytic Hierarchy Process and Data Envelopment Analysis / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To establish a performance evaluation index system and evaluation method for young scientists in hospitals, and to provide reliable evidence for management departments in evaluating, selecting outstanding young scientists and formulating tailored training programs.Methods:Literature analysis, expert consultation, analytic hierarchy process and data envelopment analysis were adopted in this article to evaluate the scientific research performance of young scientists in hospitals.Results:The scientific research data of young scientists under 45 years of age in Peking University Cancer Hospital from 2015 to 2019 were collected, and their scale efficiency and technical efficiency were analyzed by using index system and its weight and propose the improvement measures to achieve the purpose of evaluation and reform.Conclusions:This method is useful for the effective evaluation of the young scientists in the hospital, and is helpful to improve the level of scientific research management, as well as realize the virtuous circle of matching the input and output of scientific and technological innovation.

Study on Performance Indicator System of Green Supply Chain in Pharmaceutical Industry / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To provide refe rence for improving the performance of drug supply chain and sustainable development of the pharmaceutical industry in China . METHODS ：By collecting literatures and combining with the characteristics of drug supply chain ，the questionnaire was designed with Likert 5 scale. After the questionnaire was tested and modified by 10 experts，a preliminary index system framework was formed. The formal questionnaire was prepared by the questionnaire test method；37 experts were consulted by Delphi method ，the index weight was determined by AHP method ，and the index reliability was tested by statistical analysis method ；finally，a pharmaceutical enterprise was taken as an example to measure the index system. RESULTS ：The positive coefficient of the first round of expert consultation was 100％，and that of the second round was 94.59％；average degree of authority of experts was 0.832 6；expert coordination coefficient of the first round was 0.218 2，and that of the second round was 0.396 5. The green supply chain performance indicator system of the pharmaceutical industry included 6 first-level indicators and 26 second-level indicators ，such as drug greenness ，green marketing ，operation process ，drug quality ， drug safety and drug economy. The consistency ratio of the first-level indexes and all second-level indexes were all less than 0.1， the overall Cronbach ’s α coefficient of the index system was 0.892 1. The measured results of a pharmaceutical enterprise showed that the highest score of the pharmaceutical enterprise was the “drug quality ”index，with an absolute score of 3.962 7；the lowest score was the “drug greenness ”index，with an absolute score of 2.297 9. The green supply chain performance evaluation score was 3.167 8，which was at a medium level. CONCLUSIONS ：The established index system has good reliability and validity ，and is expected to provide reference for the performance evaluation of green supply chain in China ’s pharmaceutical industry.

Building a comprehensive medical, teaching and research indicators system of discipline evaluation in hospital / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To build a comprehensive medical, teaching, and research discipline indicators system that is objective and easily accessible in data, and to develop a comprehensive evaluation method, at the same time provide references for discipline evaluation and orientation.Methods:Literature review was used in referring to the evaluation indicators of different ranking systems in China, Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) were applied to identify the indicators and their weight.Results:A comprehensive discipline evaluation indicator system, including 3 first-level indicators, 12 second-level indicators, and 41 third-level indicators, were constructed. The Cartesian coordinates allows for specifying the location of the medical, teaching, research level of certain discipline, and the distribution of relevant discipline groups in three-dimensional space.Conclusions:The indicators system for discipline evaluation in this study has the characteristics of refinedness, comprehensiveness, operability, and applicability, providing references for the future evaluation of disciplines.

Construction and analysis of evaluation system for functional food crude materials based on AHP / 中草药

Objective: To implement an evaluation system of functional food crude materials for their ranking to support the registration policy as required by legislation. Methods: Firstly, literature review and expert interview were used to determine the factors and their hierarchical relationships for the construction of the Functional Food Crude Materials Evaluation System (FUFMES). Secondly, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to calculate the weights of these factors. The specific method was used to construct a judgment matrix based on expert ratings, and R language was used to conduct consistency test and maximum characteristic root test was performed to obtain the weight of all levels of indicators. Thirdly, the extreme value was calculated for each factor; Fourthly, the index score and the ranking result were generated for each crude material; Lastly, the rankings obtained based on FUFMES were compared with that from the expert panel. Results: A total of 56 factors that were important for the evaluation were identified. These factors were organized in three levels. In particular, 6, 39 and 11 of them came from the first-level, second-level and third-level, respectively. The weights of these factors were determined using the AHP method. Nine crude materials were analyzed using FUFMES to generate the following index scores: Panax quinquefolium (0.49), Panax ginseng (0.48), Ginkgo biloba (0.21), Ganoderma lucidum spore powder (0.08), fish oil (0.06), Spirulina platensis (0.03), Coenzyme Q10 (0.02), melatonin (0.01), garlic oil (-0.03). Comparison of the rankings based on FUFMES index score and those by the experts showed high degree of consistency. Conclusion: FUFMES for integrated evaluation of the functional food crude materials were successfully established. FUFMES will become an invaluable tool for the ranking and evaluation of functional food crude materials catalogue and provide scientific basis and technical guarantee for the promotion of functional food crude materials registration.

Correlation between quality and climatic factors for Gentiana officinalis from different producing area in Gansu province / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective: To investigate the correlation between the quality and climatic factors for Gentiana officinalis H. Smith from different producing area in Gansu province, China by grey correlation degree analysis combined with CRITIC-AHP weight ed evaluation. Methods: Contents of the total secoiridoid glycosides, total alcohol extracts and the metallic elements Ca, Fe and Zn were determined for the medicinal herb G. officinalis samples from 10 producing areas in Gansu, and their quality was estimated by the CRITIC-AHP weighted evaluation. The relationship between the quality and related climatic factors was then investigated by the grey correlation degree analysis. The climatic factors included the altitude, annual mean temperature, monthly mean temperature of Janu ary and July, annual mean relative humidity and the annual mean rainfall precipitation. Results : The content of the determined com ponents showed variation in the G. officinalis samples from the 10 different producing area. The altitude, annual mean temperature, monthly mean temperature of January and July, annual mean relative humidity and the annual mean rainfall all showed certain influ ence on the G. officinalis quality, and the biggest influence was the monthly mean temperature of July. Conclusion: The present re sults of the grey correlation degree analysis identifies the main climatic factors influencing the G. officinalis quality, which provides an experimental basis for the proper area selection and planting standardization for the G. officinalis production.

Application of Hierarchical Weighted TOPSIS to Evaluate Rational Drug Use of Saxagliptin in a Hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To provide method reference for scientifically eva luating the rationality of the use of saxagliptin . METHODS：Based on the drug instructions ，clinical guidelines ，clinical pathways ，related references ，clinical endocrinology department and pharmaceutical experts of a hospital jointly discussed and formulated the evaluation criteria for the rationality of the use of saxagliptin. AHP method was used to assign weights to various indexes of evaluation criteria ；TOPSIS method was used to analyze the use of saxagliptin of 106 cases in the hospital during Nov. 2018-Apr. 2019 retrospectively and evaluate rational drug use. RESULTS ：A total of 6 primary indicators and 12 secondary indicators were established. The first three indicators with a relatively high index weight were indications （with a weight of 0.25），dose and adjustment of administration （with a weight of 0.21）and frequency of administration （with a weight of 0.15）. Among 106 cases，39.6％ of drug use were reasonable ，51.0％ were basically reasonable and 9.4％ were unreasonable. Evaluation results made by weighted TOPSIS were consistent with the actual situation. CONCLUSIONS ：TOPSIS method weighted by AHP is reasonable and feasible for evaluating the rationality of saxagliptin use.

Comprehensive performance evaluation of immunocolloidal gold qualitative rapid detection kits based on AHP-FCE method / 上海预防医学

Objective To establish a scientific and objective evaluation model of the comprehensive performance of immunocolloidal gold qualitative rapid detection kits, and to provide a reference for the overall evaluation of similar products. Methods Based on the various factors affecting the performance of qualitative rapid detection kits, a comprehensive performance evaluation index system consisting of 4 first-level indicators and 18 second-level indicators was constructed.The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) method were combined to determine the weights for the evaluation indicators and graded thresholds.The model was then used to evaluate the performance level of 6 brands of furazolidone metabolite rapid test kits. Results According to maximum membership degree principle, the evaluation of brand A, B, C, D, E and F were graded as good, excellent, middle, excellent, middle and excellent, respectively.Then the scores of 6 brands were calculated according to the hundred-mark system, and brand B had the highest score.This was consistent with the actual use experience. Conclusion The application of this model can make the evaluation results more comprehensive and accurate, providing reference for rational evaluation and selection of qualitative rapid detection kits.

Optimization of Processing Technology of Salt-processed Products of Plantaginis Semen Based on Response Surface Method and AHP-CRITIC Mixed Weighting Method and Investigation of Its Diuretic Effect / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To optimize the processing technology of salt-processed products of Plantaginis Semen with the specific process parameters, and verify the obtained processing technology by pharmacodynamic research, so as to provide experimental basis for the standardized production and quality control of this decoction pieces. Method:Taking composite score of appearance character score, dry extract yield and contents of three components (geniposidic acid, acteoside and isoacteoside) as index, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-criteria importance through intercrieria correlation (CRITIC) mixed weighting method was used to determine the weight coefficient of each index. Based on single factor tests, the response surface method was used to investigate the effects of frying time, frying temperature, salt amount and water amount on the processing technology of salt-processed products of Plantaginis Semen, and the processing technology was verified by diuretic experiment with furosemide tablets as the positive drug (administration dose of 0.01 g·kg-1). Result:The weight coefficients of geniposidic acid content, acteoside content, appearance character score, isoacteoside content and dry extract yield were 0.319, 0.193, 0.207, 0.273 and 0.008, respectively. The optimal process parameters were as following：fried at 150-180 ℃ for 10 min (obtained from the single factor tests), 100 g of Plantaginis Semen sprayed evenly with 2 g of salt (2 g of salt dissolved in 20 mL of water), and fried at 150-180 ℃ for 15 min. Compared with the blank group, both of the raw products group and the salt-processed products group could significantly increase the secretion of urine volume (P<0.01), but the excretion of Na+ in the urine of rats in the salt-processed products group was significantly higher than that in the raw products group (P<0.05). Conclusion:The optimized processing technology is simple and feasible, which can provide reference for standardizing the industrial production of salt-processed products of Plantaginis Semen. At the same time, combined with inherent quality and appearance of the salt-processed products, and verified by pharmacodynamic test, the obtained results are reasonable and reliable, which can be used for quality control of this decoction pieces.

Strategic of Implementation of Ergonomic Positions for Nurses in Healthcare Department with SAST and AHP Methods in Qatar

Background:Performing ergonomic positions in nursing care both directly and indirectly is very fundamental. However, it need the strategy to implement ergonomic positions for the nurses. Aims of research to determine strategies that can be applied by the Healthcare Department Management in the application of ergonomic positions for nurses in Qatar.Methods:Data analysis usingSAST (Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing) and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) for prioritized the criteria and alternative. Result:SAST analysis shows all assumptions that appear contained in quadrant I (Certain Planning Region), Process to affect working conditions assumptions with values 5.3 -5.3 (Certainty –Important) are considered as definite and important in apply an ergonomic strategy. In the AHP analysis, Top Down with a value of 0.345 as the most priority choice for criteria level, and Ergonomic Committee Effectiveness being the choice with the highest value 0.231 in alternative level. Both strategies being selected in carrying out an ergonomic position strategy Conclusions:In the AHP method, Process to affect working condition has been choose as certainty and important strategy to be implemented. In the SAST method, to achieve the goal, Top Down selected in criteria level and Ergonomic committee effectiveness in the alternative level

Energy Efficiency in the Food Industry: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract Governments and private companies have increased efforts to identify effective actions for improving energy efficiency in manufacturing processes. The objective of this work is to improve the decision-making process by increasing the quality of information related to energy indicators in the food industry. This research involves developing a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify energy efficiency indicators in the food industry, which serve as inputs for a sectoral evaluation based on multicriteria techniques. The SLR identified six criteria evaluated by food industry experts, which form the proposed basis for evaluating the performance of related sectors. These criteria are: benchmarks, key performance indicators, framework, monitoring, ISO 50001, and information communication technologies (ICTs) in sectoral evaluations. The criteria were evaluated by experts using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which prioritizes the most important food industry issues using an evaluation scale. Weights were attributed to each issue and positioned according to the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) to evaluate each sector by the identified criteria. The evaluated criteria are applicable to the three sectors surveyed, with emphasis on the beverage sector. Among the evaluated criteria, ICTs were highlighted by Industry 4.0 as a concern for the food sector.

Development of printable and online health education material evaluation tools / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To build a comprehensive evaluation system for printable and online materials, and provide reference for the compilation and selection of patient education materials.@*Methods@#Taking Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) as frame and combined Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) and CDC Clear Communication Index, we screened indicator of the evaluation system preliminary and all of them have been adjusted with the language habits and social and cultural characteristics of our country. By Delphi method, 15 experts in related fields were selected to conduct 2 rounds of expert consultation to establish the final indicator system. The weights of the different indicators were also analyzed by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).@*Results@#The indicator system of printable and online patient education materials was consisted of 7 first-level indicators,28 second-level indicators,84 third-level indicators. The positive coefficients and the authority coefficients of the experts were 100% and 0.87 of the two rounds. The coordination factors of the experts in second-level and third-level were respectively 0.362 and 0.255 for the second round. The top three indicators of the first-level indicators were content (0.271 5), behavioral suggestion (0.190 4), and language expression (0.190 4); the highest-level index weight was scientific content (0.095 7), and the lowest was the use of commonly numbers, correct interpretation of numbers and units′ meaning (0.007 0).@*Conclusion@#The comprehensive evaluation system for printable and online materials is scientific, comprehensive and easy to operate. It can provide reference for medical worker to prepare and select printable and online materials.

Optimization of Water Extraction Technology for Bupi Yangshen Granules Based on Multi-index Weighting Analysis Method Combined with Orthogonal Test / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To optimize the water extraction technology of Bupi yangshen granules， and to provide basis for the follow-up research and development of it. METHODS： The contents of astragaloside Ⅳ and salvianolic acid B in water extract of Bupi yangshen granules， were determined by HPLC-ELSD and HPLC-DAD. Using the comprehensive score of contents of astragaloside Ⅳ and salvianolic acid B and extract yield as index， weight coefficient of indicators were determined by AHP， CRITIC and AHP-CRITIC mixed weighting method. L9（34） orthogonal test was used to optimize decoction time， water volume and decoction times in water extraction technology of Bupi yangshen granules. Validation test was also performed. RESULTS： The weight coefficient determined by AHP-CRITIC mixed weighting method was the most reasonable. The optimal extraction technology was decocting twice， adding 12-fold water， 1 h each time. The results of 3 times of validation test showed that the average contents of astragaloside Ⅳ and salvianolic acid B were 8.79， 609.50 mg （total amount of 121 g medicinal herbs extracted from whole prescription）， respectively. The average extract yield was 31.24％. Average comprehensive score was 96.59（RSD＝1.01％，n＝3）. CONCLUSIONS： The optimized water extraction technology is reproducible， stable and feasible. It can provide a scientific basis for the follow-up development and industrial production of Bupi yangshen granules.

Development of printable and online health education material evaluation tools / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To build a comprehensive evaluation system for printable and online materials, and provide reference for the compilation and selection of patient education materials. Methods Taking Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) as frame and combined Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) and CDC Clear Communication Index, we screened indicator of the evaluation system preliminary and all of them have been adjusted with the language habits and social and cultural characteristics of our country. By Delphi method, 15 experts in related fields were selected to conduct 2 rounds of expert consultation to establish the final indicator system. The weights of the different indicators were also analyzed by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Results The indicator system of printable and online patient education materials was consisted of 7 first-level indicators,28 second-level indicators,84 third-level indicators. The positive coefficients and the authority coefficients of the experts were 100% and 0.87 of the two rounds. The coordination factors of the experts in second-level and third-level were respectively 0.362 and 0.255 for the second round. The top three indicators of the first-level indicators were content (0.271 5), behavioral suggestion (0.190 4), and language expression (0.190 4); the highest-level index weight was scientific content (0.095 7), and the lowest was the use of commonly numbers, correct interpretation of numbers and units′meaning (0.007 0). Conclusion The comprehensive evaluation system for printable and online materials is scientific, comprehensive and easy to operate. It can provide reference for medical worker to prepare and select printable and online materials.

Research on Procurement Classifcation of Medical Equipment Based on Kraljic Model / 中国医疗器械杂志

Based on the Kraljic model,this paper established the scoring standard system for medical equipment procurement,and determined the weight coefficients of each evaluation factor by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP),then the procurement classification model of medical equipment was successfully established.It is proved that this model can classify medical equipment effectively,which enables the purchasing personnel to adopt corresponding purchasing strategies according to different classification.This model can be extended to all medical equipment procurement,realizing the delicacy and individualized procurement management of the equipment,which has strong operability and guiding significance.